Thursday, March 25, 2010

badminton by atikah

A little about badminton …..

Badminton is played by either two opposing players (singles) or two opposing pairs (doubles), who take positions on opposite halves of a rectangular court that is divided by a net.
Since 2009, badminton has been an Olympic sport with five events. At high levels of play, the sport demands excellent fitness: players require aerobic stamina, agility, strength, speed and precision. It is also a technical sport.
Others and its length ……
This predecessor to the modern game of squash, rackets, is played with 30½ inch (775 mm) wooden rackets. While squash equipment has evolved in the intervening century, rackets have changed little. It shall not exceed 680mm in overall length and 230 mm in overall width.
Heavier rackets are mostly preferred by players who have much stronger wrists and can therefore make use of the weight of the racket to extract more power from it.
Weight of racket ….

The weight should not exceed more than 100 grams. A majority of racket manufacturers use 1U, 2U, 3U, 4U to indicate the weight of the racket, 1U being the heaviest and 4U the lightest. The weight of high quality rackets range from 83 grams to 100 grams. Modern badminton rackets are light in weight and usually below 100 grams.

Sizes ……
Most racket manufacturers provide four grip sizes. In Japan, they range from G2, G3, and G4 to G5 where G2 is the biggest size and G5 is the smallest size. In some countries, the opposite applies. Some brands go by small, medium and big sizes.
Shutter cork ….

A shuttlecock weighs around 4.75 - 5.50 grams. It has 14-16 feathers with each feather 70mm in length. The diameter of the cork is 25-28mm and the diameter of the circle that the feathers make is around 54mm.
The feathers are brittle; shuttlecocks break easily and often need to be replaced several times during a game. For this reason, synthetic shuttlecocks have been developed that replace the feathers with a plastic skirt.
Players often refer to synthetic shuttlecocks as plastics and feathered shuttlecocks as feathers.
The cost of good quality feathers is similar to that of good quality plastics, but plastics are far more durable, typically lasting many matches without any impairment to their flight. Feather shuttles may come off the strings at speeds in excess of 320 km/h (200 mph) but slow down faster as they drop. At 19 feet 2 9/16 inches by 15 feet 11 7/8 inches, they are the world's largest shuttlecocks.
Badminton court …..
The overall dimensions of a badminton court are 20 feet by 44 feet. The lines along these measurements mark the sidelines for doubles play and long service lines for singles play.

The Net Line

The net line marks the middle of the court where the net is placed, creating a 22 feet by 20 feet area on each side of the net.
Short Service Line
The short service line is marked 6 feet 6 inches (some are marked 7 feet) from the center line. The area inside the short service line is also called the Non Volley Zone.

Center Line

The Center Line is the line that divides the court from the Short Service Line to the Back Boundary Line. This delineates the Left from Right Service Court.
Side Line for Singles Play
The Singles Side Line is marked 1 1/2 feet from the edge of the outer boundary (doubles side line)
Back Boundary Line and Long Service Line for Singles
The back boundary line is the same for singles and doubles play it is the outermost back line on the court.
Long Service Line for Doubles
The Long Service line for Doubles is marked 2 1/2 feet inside the Back Boundary Line.

The Badminton Net

The badminton net measures 5 feet tall in the center.


credits to everyone ..... :)

Wednesday, March 24, 2010

Soccer by Syahiful a.k.a Syah

Soccer
Soccer is played in accordance with a set of rules, known as the Laws of the Game. The game is played using a single round ball (the soccer ball) and two teams of eleven players each compete to get the ball into the other team's goal, thereby scoring a goal. The team that has scored more goals at the end of the game is the winner; if both teams have scored an equal number of goals, then the game is a draw. There are exceptions to this rule, however; see Duration and tie-breaking methods.

In typical soccer game play, players attempt to propel the ball toward their opponents' goal through individual control of the ball, such as by dribbling, passing the ball to a team-mate, and by taking shots at the goal, which is guarded by the opposing goalkeeper. Opposing players may try to regain control of the ball by intercepting a pass or through tackling the opponent who controls the ball; however, physical contact between opponents is limited. Soccer is generally a free-flowing game, with play stopping only when the ball has left the field of play, or when play is stopped by the referree.
Measurements In Soccer
Playing field: Minimum 100 yards long by 50 yards wide; maximum: 130 yards long by 100 yards wide. International matches: Minimum 110 yards long by 70 yards wide; Maximum: 120 yards long by 80 yards wide. Longer boundary lines are called touchlines or sidelines, and shorter boundary lines are called goal lines.
Goal area: Two lines drawn at right angles to a goal line, 6 yards from the inside of each goalpost. Lines extend into playing field for 6 yards, and are joined by a line drawn parallel with the goal line.
Goals: Distance between posts is 8 yards. Distance from crossbar to the ground is 8 feet. Width and depth of bars not to exceed 5 inches.
Weight of ball: Not more than 16 ounces nor less than 14.
Circumference of ball: Not greater than 28 inches nor less than 27.
Penalty area: Two lines drawn at right angles to the goal line, 18 yards from the inside of each goalpost. Lines extend into playing field for 18 yards and are joined by a line drawn parallel with the goal line.
Center circle: Radius of 10 yards. Center at midpoint of halfway line.

Measurements is important as people will get into a fight when the measurement is not accurate.Measurements prevent them from happening as the accuracy of measurements in sports is really accurate.Therefore,if the ball goes out but does not have the correct measure,it will not be an out and one can score from there.The team will definitely get angry and the crowd will go wild and it will happen just like what had happened in the ninetees.I would say that measurements is really important in sports. Dono by,Syahiful or Syah

Badminton hui xian(16)

Badminton is a racquet sport played by either two opposing players (singles) or two opposing pairs (doubles), who take positions on opposite halves of a rectangular court that is divided by a net. Players score points by striking a shuttlecock with their racquet so that it passes over the net and lands in their opponents' half of the court. A rally ends once the shuttlecock has struck the ground, and each side may only strike the shuttlecock once before it passes over the net.

Racquets
Badminton racquets are light, with top quality racquets weighing between 75 and 95 grams including the strings.[8][9] They are composed of many different materials ranging from carbon fibre composite (graphite reinforced plastic) to solid steel, which may be augmented by a variety of materials. Carbon fibre has an excellent strength to weight ratio, is stiff, and gives excellent kinetic energy transfer. Before the adoption of carbon fibre composite, racquets were made of light metals such as aluminum. Earlier still, racquets were made of wood. Cheap racquets are still often made of metals such as steel, but wooden racquets are no longer manufactured for the ordinary market, because of their excessive mass and cost. Nowadays, nanomaterials such as fullerene and carbon nanotubes are added to rackets giving them greater durability.

There is a wide variety of racquet designs, although the Laws limit the racquet size and shape. Different racquets have playing characteristics that appeal to different players. The traditional oval head shape is still available, but an isometric head shape is increasingly common in new racquets.

Strings
Badminton strings are thin, high performing strings in the range of about 0.62 to 0.73 mm thickness. Thicker strings are more durable, but many players prefer the feel of thinner strings. String tension is normally in the range of 80 to 160 N (18 to 36 lbf). Recreational players generally string at lower tensions than professionals, typically between 18 and 25 lbf (110 N). Professionals string between about 25 and 36 lbf (160 N).

It is often argued that high string tensions improve control, whereas low string tensions increase power.[10] The arguments for this generally rely on crude mechanical reasoning, such as claiming that a lower tension string bed is more bouncy and therefore provides more power. This is in fact incorrect, for a higher string tension can cause the shuttle to slide off the racquet and hence make it harder to hit a shot accurately. An alternative view suggests that the optimum tension for power depends on the player:[8] the faster and more accurately a player can swing their racquet, the higher the tension for maximum power. Neither view has been subjected to a rigorous mechanical analysis, nor is there clear evidence in favour of one or the other. The most effective way for a player to find a good string tension is to experiment.

Grip
The choice of grip allows a player to increase the thickness of his racquet handle and choose a comfortable surface to hold. A player may build up the handle with one or several grips before applying the final layer.

Players may choose between a variety of grip materials. The most common choices are PU synthetic grips or towelling grips. Grip choice is a matter of personal preference. Players often find that sweat becomes a problem; in this case, a drying agent may be applied to the grip or hands, sweatbands may be used, the player may choose another grip material or change his grip more frequently.

There are two main types of grip: replacement grips and overgrips. Replacement grips are thicker, and are often used to increase the size of the handle. Overgrips are thinner (less than 1 mm), and are often used as the final layer. Many players, however, prefer to use replacement grips as the final layer. Towelling grips are always replacement grips. Replacement grips have an adhesive backing, whereas overgrips have only a small patch of adhesive at the start of the tape and must be applied under tension; overgrips are more convenient for players who change grips frequently, because they may be removed more rapidly without damaging the underlying material.

Playing court dimensions

Badminton court, isometric viewThe court is rectangular and divided into halves by a net. Courts are usually marked for both singles and doubles play, although the laws permit a court to be marked for singles only. The doubles court is wider than the singles court, but both are the same length. The exception, which often causes confusion to newer players, is that the doubles court has a shorter serve-length dimension.


The full width of the court is 6.1 metres (20 ft), and in singles this width is reduced to 5.18 metres (17 ft). The full length of the court is 13.4 metres (44 ft). The service courts are marked by a centre line dividing the width of the court, by a short service line at a distance of 1.98 metres (6 ft 6 inch) from the net, and by the outer side and back boundaries. In doubles, the service court is also marked by a long service line, which is 0.76 metres (2 ft 6 inch) from the back boundary.

The net is 1.55 metres (5 ft 1 inch) high at the edges and 1.524 metres (5 ft) high in the centre. The net posts are placed over the doubles sidelines, even when singles is played.

There is no mention in the Laws of Badminton of a minimum height for the ceiling above the court. Nonetheless, a badminton court will not be suitable if the ceiling is likely to be hit on a high serve

Triathlon - Muhammad Azsyakirin (29)

Triathlon consists of three sports: swimming, cycling, running. Triathletes compete for fastest overall course completion time, including timed "transitions" between the individual swim, bike, and run components.

Triathlon races vary in distance. Triathlon races vary in distance. According to the International Triathlon Union, and USA Triathlon, the main international race distances are Sprint distance (750 m swim, 20 km bike, 5 km run), Intermediate distance, commonly referred to as "Olympic distance" (1.5 km swim, 40 km ride, 10 km run), the Long Course (1.9 km swim, 90 km ride, 21.1 km run, such as the Half Ironman), and Ultra Distance (3.8 km swim, 180 km ride, and a marathon: 42.2 km run); the most popular branded Ultra Distance is the Ironman triathlon. There are also other types of Traithlon, for example, Kids of Steel, for ages 7 to 14, and there are also Half and Full.

Swim 2.4 miles! Bike 112 miles! Run 26.2 miles! Brag for the rest of your life! — Commander Collins, USN (1978)


Tuesday, March 23, 2010

ARCHERY!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! XD

Archery has been dated back to the Stone Age when our prehistoric, grunting ancestor one day fashioned the basic bow and arrow and ran off to hunt down his dinner. It was also seen through the medieval ages when Robin Hood performed a feat of shooting an arrow through another arrow by hitting it dead centre. Till today, such a feat is known as a “Robin Hood”. Archery was also used through the ages as a weapon by countries such as Egypt, England, India, Korea, China and Japan, up until firearms made the use the bow and arrow obsolete. Today, archery is a sport practiced globally and one of the 33 sports in the Olympic Games.
Archery first became an Olympic Sport in 1900, but was dropped from the list in 1920 due to no uniform international rules. Once standardised rules were put in place, archery made a comeback in the 1972 Munich Games.
In archery, there are four main events- the men’s individual event and the team event and women’s individual event and the team event.
The sport is played by shooting a target 70 metres away from the shooting line. The target consists of 10 concentric rings beginning with two gold rings in the centre, surrounded by two red rings, then two blue rings, two black rings and finally 2 white rings. The centre ring is known as the “bullseye” and is 12.2 centimetres wide. Each ring carries a different number of points, ascending from one point for the outer ring to 10 points for the bullseye.
If an arrow lands on the line between two rings, the higher score is taken. Arrows that pass through or do not stick to the target are counted as well.
In individual competitions, 64 archers are first ranked from one to 64 during the qualifications. They then proceed to compete in head-to-head elimination rounds by firing 18 arrows in six rounds, three arrows per round. In the semi-final and final rounds archers shoot 12 arrows, three rounds in four rounds.
One of archery’s most famous athletes is Kim Soo-Nyung from Korea. Kim Soo-Nyung was only 17 years old when she clinched two gold medals in both the individual and team archery events at the 1988 Seoul Olympics. She went on to achieve a silver medal for the individual event and gold for the team event at the 1992 Barcelona Olympics. Kim Soo-Nyung retired at the age of 21 and got married and raised two children over the next seven years. In 1999, she resumed her training and bagged the gold medal for the team event and a bronze for the individual event at the Sydney Games in 2000. To add to this, she won four Gold medals in the World Championships and a bronze in the Asian Games.
Any archer would tell you that archery is no easy task. One would need a sharp eye, steady hands, a calm mind and nerves of steel. However, if you are interested and think you have what it takes, why not take up the bow and give it a shot.
For more information on Olympic Archery.
10 Fun Facts on Archery!

In 1904, archery was one of the first Olympic sports to include women.
Olympic archers use the recurve bow, which has limbs that curve away from archer to increase power.
The word “Bullseye” was used to describe pretty much anything small and round began in the 17th century including a target. However nobody knows for sure why a bull and not a chicken, cow, or sheep.
From where the archers stand at the shooting line, the bullseye looks about the same size as the head of a thumbtack held at arm's length.
Arrows made of aluminium and carbon can travel at speeds of more than 240 km/h!
When an arrow becomes embedded in another arrow, it is called a “Robin Hood”, after the fictional character who split an arrow by hitting it head on with another arrow he fired.
South Korea has the most number of Olympic Gold Medals for the sport.
Lee Chang Hwan from Korea holds the Olympic record for the men’s individual event (12 arrows match), with a score of 117 points.
Park Sung-Hyun from Korea holds the Olympic record for the women’s individual event (12 arrows match), with a score of 115 points.
During the Singapore Youth Olympic Games 2010, the archery events will be held at the Kallang Field.

p.s, i did NOT copy anyone. SRY IF ITS TOO LONG...:p

christal,ie2,4

Archery

Archery is a sport that dates back years and years before the mordern day version that we have today with all sorts of high-tech equipment and different techniques of shooting and competing with other archers.
2800BC ,the first composite bow was produced by the egyptians.It was made from wood ,tipped with animal horn and held together with animal sinew and glue.Unstrung,it resembleda "C" shape and would have required two people to string it.In normal competitions, matches are against one other archer. The archers take turns shooting arrows at a fixed target with ten concentric rings colored two each white,black blue,red and yellow.
Although archery has definitely changed since the people of the bible first use it,without it history might have turned out much differently.Bows and arrows saved many people's lives,and even do today.As a means of hunting animals for food,as a defensive or conquering weapon,or as an instrument in competition,the bow and arrow has impacted the world.Physically the structure of archery has developed,the circumstances for which archers use their blow and arrows has changed drastically,and the way in which warfare utilized archery has nearly come to an end.Archery has etched and will continue to etch an imprint on the world's mind-even if in history ,legends and stories.

Tennis

Tennis is a sport usually played between two players (singles) or between two teams of two players each (doubles). Each player uses a racket that is strung to strike a hollow rubber ball covered with felt past a net into the opponent's court.The modern game of tennis originated in the United Kingdom in the late 19th century as "lawn tennis" which has heavy connections to various field/lawn games as well as to the ancient game of real tennis. After its creation, tennis spread throughout the upper-class English-speaking population before spreading around the world[1]. Tennis is an Olympic sport and is played at all levels of society at all ages. The sport can be played by anyone who can hold a racket, including people in wheelchairs.


The court is 78 feet (23.77 m) long, and 27 feet (8.23 m) wide for singles matches and 36 ft (10.97 m) for doubles matches.Additional clear space around the court is required in order for players to reach overrun balls. A net is stretched across the full width of the court, parallel with the baselines, dividing it into two equal ends. The net is 3 feet 6 inches (1.07 m) high at the posts and 3 feet (91.4 cm) high in the cenThe lines that delineate the width of the court are called the baseline (farthest back) and the service line (middle of the court).


The short mark in the center of each baseline is referred to as either the hash mark or the center mark. The outermost lines that make up the length are called the doubles sidelines. These are the boundaries used when doubles is being played. The lines to the inside of the doubles sidelines are the singles sidelines and are used as boundaries in singles play. The area between a doubles sideline and the nearest singles sideline is called the doubles alley, which is considered playable in doubles play. The line that runs across the center of a player's side of the court is called the service line because the serve must be delivered into the area between the service line and the net on the receiving side.
Done By: Charmaine Cheong (3)
Class:1E2